SINTEF researchers are currently working together with world-leading partners in Europe to develop sensors and lasers for this new underwater camera.
The new tool is designed to make it easier to detect pollution on the seabed, facilitate marine species management, and carry out subsea inspections and maintenance.
Marine researchers can obtain answers to questions such as: How many fish and other marine organisms are living in the water and on the seabed, and how big are they?
FACTS:
The EU project UTOFIA has a budget of EUR 5.7 million, and will continue until 2018. It is incorporated as part of the European research programme Horizon 2020. The other partners in the project are Bright Solutions, Fraunhofer, Odos Imaging, Subsea Tech, AZTI and DTU Aqua.
Better general and detailed imaging
Tests already carried out demonstrate that the project is on the right track. In order to demonstrate the camera’s potential, the researchers constructed a frame which they placed on the seabed in Oslo Fjord in an area characterised by turbid water. They took pictures of their “target” using the new prototype and compared them with those taken by a standard camera. Even the first version of the new system produced much clearer images than the standard system.
The camera can also be installed on the hulls of surface vessels, or on ROVs, in order to monitor keys areas of the seabed.
Left: an image of a chessboard pattern taken by a standard camera at a distance of 7.5 metres. Right: an image of the same object taken by the new camera prototype. CLICK here to see an enlarged version. Photo: SINTEF.
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“The new camera will provide better general and detailed imaging, and an entirely different database to that we are used to”, says Project Manager Jens Thielemann at SINTEF.
How many crayfish are there, and how big are they?
The monitoring of marine organisms depends not only on being able to classify species and count individuals, but also an ability to calculate their size.
Currently, marine species management is carried out by means of data gathering using sonar and traditional video cameras. Sonar can detect objects over longer distances, but does not resolve details, while video cameras can observe organisms on the sea floor, but are unable to determine their size or numbers. The cameras can either be mounted on ROVs or, in simpler systems, installed on sleds or the hulls of surface vessels.
“The biggest problem with traditional cameras is that their range is reduced in poor visibility, particularly in coastal waters made turbid by suspended sand and clay particles. Such cameras have a very limited range under these conditions”, says Thielemann.
Time-of-flight technology
The prototype camera is based on the smart assembly of existing technologies, although the researchers will have to make some key improvements during the next two years.
The camera calculates the distance to everything it observes. In this image the depth of field is colour-coded. This makes it easy to see that the pink fish is located at a distance of approx. 2.9 metres, while the green fish is 4 metres away. It is also easy to see that the blue fish is located in front of the green one. This makes it easier both to measure absolute size and to post-process images automatically.
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“The new images provide better data and information. High-quality visual imaging also makes it easier to communicate the information to external parties”, says Thielemann. “For example, occurrences of dead organisms on the seabed must be reported to the authorities, and in such cases it helps to have a picture”, he says.
The prototype camera, developed as part of the UTOFIA project, will form the basis of a new type of commercial camera technology that Thielemann is hoping will
be robust, compact, and easy to use. The aim is to produce a camera with a volume of between five and ten litres. The components for this technology have been developed at a number of centres across Europe, while SINTEF has assumed responsibility for project management, assembly of the components and image analysis.
New tests will be carried out in Copenhagen in February 2016, and in the summer the first version of the camera will be ready – based on the specially-tailored components that will make it lighter, more compact and more powerful than the prototype.
