CO₂ Pipeline Integrity: Comparison of a Coupled Fluid-structure Model and Uncoupled Two-curve Methods

One challenge in CCS is related to the prevention of running-ductile fracture in CO₂-carrying pipelines. Commonly used tools for ensuring crack arrest in pipelines hinge mainly on semi-empirical models, which may not be appropriate for CO₂ transport since they have been developed and fitted for natural gas and older pipeline materials, and due to an assumed decoupling of the fluid decompression and fracture propagation phenomena. In this paper, we apply a coupled fluid-structure model to a case with pure dense liquid CO₂ in a modern high-toughness steel pipeline, and compare the results one would obtain from directly applying the uncoupled models to the same case without any re-fitting to test data. For this case, the coupled model indicates that a significantly thicker pipeline wall may be required to prevent running-ductile fracture than what is predicted by the uncoupled models. Therefore, using the uncoupled models for such cases might not be conservative.