Abstract
Transfer operations from onshore tanks to ship are a crucial component that needs to be understood and
optimized to allow for large-scale seaborne transport of liquid hydrogen (LH2). In this work, we present a
dynamic model that includes the main components required for loading operations of LH2. An important aspect
for scaling-up is to quantify the effect of heat ingress in the pipelines. We implement a detailed pipeline model
that we use to compare different insulation alternatives. Due to the nature of loading operations, the dynamic
analysis, control strategy and controller tunings play an important role in the dynamic behaviour of the system.
Here, we systematically analyse the dynamic behaviour of the system and develop a control strategy for LH2
loading operations. We implement this control strategy in the simulation model for LH2 loading.
Keywords: Liquid hydrogen, Dynamics, Process control, Loading, Transfer operations, PID control
optimized to allow for large-scale seaborne transport of liquid hydrogen (LH2). In this work, we present a
dynamic model that includes the main components required for loading operations of LH2. An important aspect
for scaling-up is to quantify the effect of heat ingress in the pipelines. We implement a detailed pipeline model
that we use to compare different insulation alternatives. Due to the nature of loading operations, the dynamic
analysis, control strategy and controller tunings play an important role in the dynamic behaviour of the system.
Here, we systematically analyse the dynamic behaviour of the system and develop a control strategy for LH2
loading operations. We implement this control strategy in the simulation model for LH2 loading.
Keywords: Liquid hydrogen, Dynamics, Process control, Loading, Transfer operations, PID control
