Abstract
An overview of integrated technologies based on heat pumps, thermal energy storage and smart control systems is provided. Heat pumps are devices that transfer thermal energy from low-temperature to high-temperature areas, consuming a small amount of electricity in the process. Their working principles, heat sources, working fluids, and applications are discussed. Heat sources include ambient air, ground, seawater, and waste heat. Natural working fluids like hydrocarbons, ammonia and CO2 are recommended for their environmental advantages. Thermal energy storage is discussed, using water tanks, phase change materials, and boreholes. Examples of integrated heat pump systems in Norway are presented, including two dairies and one local heating network for a new neighbourhood.
