Abstract
The paper reflects on answers to the question whether a full conversion to natural refrigerants is feasible
from a holistic view based on technological, cost- and environmental perspectives. The reflections are partly
based on developments in certain applications in a historical context, as well as in light of new frameworks,
like the new EU F-gas directive and the outcome of COP28. The fact that refrigerants controlled by the
Montreal Protocol and its Kigali-amendment is still very widespread in use for various applications makes it
urgent to transition these to low-GWP refrigerants. The only longer-term solution based on fluorinated
refrigerants is the unsaturated HFCs, commonly denoted as HFOs. These fluids are known to be PFAS
substances contributing to TFA pollution when decomposed in the atmosphere. Based on the analysis, it may
be envisioned that a full conversion to natural refrigerants is feasible and may also be the most adequate
option.
Keywords: Natural Refrigerants, Technological Feasibility, Refrigerant Options, Energy Efficiency
from a holistic view based on technological, cost- and environmental perspectives. The reflections are partly
based on developments in certain applications in a historical context, as well as in light of new frameworks,
like the new EU F-gas directive and the outcome of COP28. The fact that refrigerants controlled by the
Montreal Protocol and its Kigali-amendment is still very widespread in use for various applications makes it
urgent to transition these to low-GWP refrigerants. The only longer-term solution based on fluorinated
refrigerants is the unsaturated HFCs, commonly denoted as HFOs. These fluids are known to be PFAS
substances contributing to TFA pollution when decomposed in the atmosphere. Based on the analysis, it may
be envisioned that a full conversion to natural refrigerants is feasible and may also be the most adequate
option.
Keywords: Natural Refrigerants, Technological Feasibility, Refrigerant Options, Energy Efficiency