Use of Passive Seismic Data for Sparse, Large-Scale, Long-Term, and Low-Cost Monitoring for Gt CO₂ Storage

The CO₂ Storage Workshop presentation highlights the SPARSE project, which develops low-cost, long-term geophysical monitoring for large-scale CO₂ storage. It integrates passive and active seismic, electromagnetic, gravity, and surface deformation data to ensure containment and conformance while reducing reliance on conventional surveys. The project explores the use of teleseismic and low-frequency seismic data as cost-effective monitoring tools, with promising early results.